Tracking and data association
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Recognition by Linear Combinations of Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part I
Merging virtual objects with the real world: seeing ultrasound imagery within the patient
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Through-the-lens camera control
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Invariant linear methods in photogrammetry and model-matching
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Knowledge-based augmented reality
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Active vision
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Recursive affine structure and motion from image sequences
ECCV '94 Proceedings of the third European conference on Computer vision (vol. 1)
3D position, attitude and shape input using video tracking of hands and lips
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Improving static and dynamic registration in an optical see-through HMD
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Resolving occlusion in augmented reality
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Real-time computer vision
A 3D tracking experiment on latency and its compensation methods in virtual environments
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
3D motion recovery via affine epipolar geometry
International Journal of Computer Vision
Calibration Requirements and Procedures for a Monitor-Based Augmented Reality System
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Dynamic Registration Correction in Video-Based Augmented Reality Systems
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
What can be seen in three dimensions with an uncalibrated stereo rig
ECCV '92 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer Vision
Vision-Based Object Registration for Real-Time Image Overlay
CVRMed '95 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine
Affine Object Representations for Calibration-Free Augmented Reality
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
Complete scene structure from four point correspondences
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Real-time vision-based camera tracking for augmented reality applications
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A video-based virtual reality system
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Tracking based structure and motion recovery for augmented video productions
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Image-Based Virtual World Generation
IEEE MultiMedia
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Augmented Reality Using Uncalibrated Video Sequences
SMILE '00 Revised Papers from Second European Workshop on 3D Structure from Multiple Images of Large-Scale Environments
A Unified Linear Algorithm for a Novel View Synthesis and Camera Pose Estimation in Mixed Reality
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
Affine Object Representations for Calibration-Free Augmented Reality
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
Immersive Observation of Virtualized Soccer Match at Real Stadium Model
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Video Augmentation by Image-Based Rendering Under the Perspective Camera Model
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Free viewpoint video synthesis and presentation of sporting events for mixed reality entertainment
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
A vision-based AR registration method utilizing edges and vertices of 3D model
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
Multiring Fiducial Systems for Scalable Fiducial-Tracking Augmented Reality
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
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We describe the design and implementation of a video-based augmented reality system capable of overlaying three-dimensional graphical objects on live video of dynamic environments. The key feature of the system is that it is completely uncalibrated: it does not use any metric information about the calibration parameters of the camera or the 3D locations and dimensions of the environment's objects. The only requirement is the ability to track across frames at least four feature points that are specified by the user at system initialization time and whose world coordinates are unknown. Our approach is based on the following observation: Given a set of four or more non-coplanar 3D points, the projection of all points in the set can be computed as a linear combination of the projections of just four of the points. We exploit this observation by (1) tracking lines and fiducial points at frame rate, and (2) representing virtual objects in a non-Euclidean, affine frame of reference that allows their projection to be computed as a linear combination of the projection of the fiducial points.