Measurements of a distributed file system
SOSP '91 Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Non-volatile memory for fast, reliable file systems
ASPLOS V Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Modeling Power Management for Hard Disks
MASCOTS '94 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation On Computer and Telecommunication Systems
A survey of power management techniques in mobile computing operating systems
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Application Transformations for Energy and Performance-Aware Device Management
Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Reducing the Energy Usage of Office Applications
Middleware '01 Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms Heidelberg
A Holistic Approach to System Level Energy Optimization
PATMOS '00 Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Integrated Circuit Design, Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation
Software-Directed Disk Power Management for Scientific Applications
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Papers - Volume 01
Power and Performance in I/O for Scientific Applications
IPDPS '05 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS'05) - Workshop 10 - Volume 11
A Compiler-Guided Approach for Reducing Disk Power Consumption by Exploiting Disk Access Locality
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization
Improving disk reuse for reducing power consumption
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
The Journal of Supercomputing
Compiler-Directed Energy Optimization for Parallel Disk Based Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Hard drive power consumption uncovered
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
GreenFS: making enterprise computers greener by protecting them better
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2008
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Autonomic power and performance management for computing systems
Cluster Computing
Write off-loading: practical power management for enterprise storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
EED: Energy Efficient Disk drive architecture
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Write off-loading: Practical power management for enterprise storage
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
An Adaptive Energy-Conserving Strategy for Parallel Disk Systems
DS-RT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
A Prefetching Algorithm for Multi-speed Disks
Transactions on High-Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers I
Energy and performance evaluation of lossless file data compression on server systems
SYSTOR '09 Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: The Israeli Experimental Systems Conference
Conserving energy in real-time storage systems with I/O burstiness
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Energy-efficient server clusters
PACS'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Power-aware computer systems
Improving off-chip memory energy behavior in a multi-processor, multi-bank environment
LCPC'01 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Languages and compilers for parallel computing
An empirical study of the potential for context-aware power management
UbiComp '07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Optimizing energy and performance for server-class file system workloads
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
A reliability model of energy-efficient parallel disk systems with data mirroring
International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture
Evaluating performance and energy in file system server workloads
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
A user-customizable energy-adaptive combined static/dynamic scheduler for mobile applications
RTSS'10 Proceedings of the 21st IEEE conference on Real-time systems symposium
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
SIGACT news online algorithms column 17
ACM SIGACT News
PRE-BUD: Prefetching for energy-efficient parallel I/O systems with buffer disks
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Modeling hard-disk power consumption
FAST'03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Sustainable predictive storage management: on-line grouping for energy and latency reduction
Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Systems and Storage
Self-similarity: Behind workload reshaping and prediction
Future Generation Computer Systems
An ILP-Based approach to locality optimization
LCPC'04 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Languages and Compilers for High Performance Computing
Energy consumption in mobile devices: why future systems need requirements–aware energy scale-down
PACS'03 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Power - Aware Computer Systems
Analysis of disk power management for data-center storage systems
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Future Energy Systems: Where Energy, Computing and Communication Meet
Energy-Efficient Sensing with the Low Power, Energy Aware Processing (LEAP) Architecture
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Power-reduction techniques for data-center storage systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Minimizing power consumption is important for mobile computers, and disks consume a significant portion of system-wide power. There is a large difference in power consumption between a disk that is spinning and one that is not, so systems try to keep the disk spinning only when it must. The system must trade off between the power that can be saved by spinning the disk down quickly after each access and the impact on response time from spinning it up again too often. We use trace-driven simulation to examine these trade-offs, and compare a number of different algorithms for controlling disk spin-down. We simulate disk accesses from a mobile computer (a Macintosh Powerbook Duo 230) and also from a desktop workstation (a Hewlett-Packard 9000/845 personal workstation running HP-UX), running on two disks used on mobile computers, the Hewlett-Packard Kittyhawk C3014A and the Quantum Go•Drive 120. We show that the "perfect" off-line algorithm--one that consumes minimum power without increasing response time relative to a disk that never spins down--can reduce disk power consumption by 35--50%, compared to the fixed threshold suggested by manufacturers. An on-line algorithm with a threshold of 10 seconds, running on the Powerbook trace and Go•Drive disk, reduces energy consumption by about 40% compared to the 5-minute threshold recommended by manufacturers of comparable disks; however, over a 4-hour trace period it results in 140 additional delays due to disk spin-ups.