Methodology for building an intelligent tutoring system
Artificial intelligence and instruction: Applications and methods
Assets '96 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Haptic virtual reality for blind computer users
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Making VRML accessible for people with disabilities
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
A Web navigation tool for the blind
Assets '98 Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Interactive 3D sound hyperstories for blind children
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Integrating active tangible devices with a synthetic environment for collaborative engineering
Proceedings of the sixth international conference on 3D Web technology
Interactive virtual acoustic environments for blind children: computing, usability, and cognition
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Modeling educational software for people with disabilities: theory and practice
Proceedings of the fifth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
AudioBattleship: blind learners collaboration through sound
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Memory enhancement through audio
Assets '04 Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
The blind interactive guide system using RFID-Based indoor positioning system
ICCHP'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs
Mobile science learning for the blind
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
3D Virtual Environments for the Rehabilitation of the Blind
UAHCI '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and Services
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Current interactive learning environments cannot be accessed by learners with disabilities, in particular for students with vision disabilities. Modeling techniques are necessary to map real-world experiences to virtual worlds by using 3D auditory representations of objects for blind people. In this paper, a model to design multimedia software for blind learners is presented. The model was validated with existing educational software for these users. We describe the modeling of the real world including cognitive usability testing tasks by considering not only the representation of the real world but also modeling the learner's knowledge of the virtual world. The software architecture is also described by using this model, displaying the components needed to impact learning. Finally, we analyze critical issues in designing software for learners with visual disabilities and propose some recommendations and guidelines.