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Speech Communication - Speaker recognition and its commercial and forensic applications
DISTBIC: a speaker-based segmentation for audio data indexing
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Recent Advances in Speaker Recognition (Invited Paper)
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Speaker Classification Concepts: Past, Present and Future
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Neural Information Processing
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IWCF '08 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Computational Forensics
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Pattern Recognition Letters
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Pattern Recognition Letters
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COST'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication and Enactment
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Digital Investigation: The International Journal of Digital Forensics & Incident Response
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Digital Investigation: The International Journal of Digital Forensics & Incident Response
Speaker verification with adaptive spectral subband centroids
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
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ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Privacy-Preserving speaker authentication
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Computers and Electrical Engineering
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Constrained temporal structure for text-dependent speaker verification
Digital Signal Processing
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Telematics and Informatics
Biometric fusion by simulated annealing
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
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This paper presents an overview of a state-of-the-art text-independent speaker verification system. First, an introduction proposes a modular scheme of the training and test phases of a speaker verification system. Then, the most commonly speech parameterization used in speaker verification, namely, cepstral analysis, is detailed. Gaussian mixture modeling, which is the speaker modeling technique used in most systems, is then explained. A few speaker modeling alternatives, namely, neural networks and support vector machines, are mentioned. Normalization of scores is then explained, as this is a very important step to deal with real-world data. The evaluation of a speaker verification system is then detailed, and the detection error trade-off (DET) curve is explained. Several extensions of speaker verification are then enumerated, including speaker tracking and segmentation by speakers. Then, some applications of speaker verification are proposed, including on-site applications, remote applications, applications relative to structuring audio information, and games. Issues concerning the forensic area are then recalled, as we believe it is very important to inform people about the actual performance and limitations of speaker verification systems. This paper concludes by giving a few research trends in speaker verification for the next couple of years.