IDMaps: a global internet host distance estimation service
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the impact of delay on real-time multiplayer games
NOSSDAV '02 Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Online Game Interactivity Theory with Cdrom
Online Game Interactivity Theory with Cdrom
Interactive Multiuser VEs in the DIVE System
IEEE MultiMedia
Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems
Middleware '01 Proceedings of the IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms Heidelberg
Bandwidth requirement and state consistency in three multiplayer game architectures
NetGames '03 Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Network and system support for games
Amaze: A Multiplayer Computer Game
IEEE Software
Peer-to-peer architecture for real-time strategy MMOGs with intelligent cheater detection
Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
A session server architecture for mobile distributed virtual environments
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services
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Massively Multiplayer games become increasingly popular. Different multiplayer games are implemented on top of different network architectures based on the characteristics of the games. Typically, multiplayer games run on Client-Server (CS), Peer-to-Peer (P2P), Client-Multi-Server (CMS), or Peer-to-Peer with Central Arbiter (PP-CA) architectures. In this paper, we first examine these architectures from two perspectives: bandwidth requirements at the server and clients, and latency. We then propose a Mirrored-Arbiter (MA) architecture that combines the merits of CMS and PP-CA. This architecture takes all the benefits of PP-CA, but also resolves the main problems in PP-CA by using interest management technique and multicast. We implemented a multiplayer game called "TankWar" to validate the design of the proposed MA architecture. Both analysis and experiment were conducted to show the effectiveness of MA architecture.