Lessons from Giant-Scale Services
IEEE Internet Computing
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Design and evaluation of a new MAC protocol for long-distance 802.11 mesh networks
Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Long-distance 802.11b links: performance measurements and experience
Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Long distance wireless mesh network planning: problem formulation and solution
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Scheduling and simulation: how to upgrade distributed systems
HOTOS'03 Proceedings of the 9th conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems - Volume 9
NSDI'04 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 1
Simplifying fault diagnosis in locally managed rural WiFi networks
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Networked systems for developing regions
FRACTEL: a fresh perspective on (rural) mesh networks
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Networked systems for developing regions
WiLdnet: design and implementation of high performancewifi based long distance networks
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
Experiences in using WiFi for rural internet in India
IEEE Communications Magazine
WiFiRe: rural area broadband access using the WiFi PHY and a multisector TDD MAC
IEEE Communications Magazine
An adaptive, high performance mac for long-distance multihop wireless networks
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A radio multiplexing architecture for high throughput point to multipoint wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM workshop on Wireless networks and systems for developing regions
Web search and browsing behavior under poor connectivity
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
RuralCafe: web search in the rural developing world
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
BlueMonarch: a system for evaluating bluetooth applications in the wild
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Maximizing the Network Stability in Mobile WiMAX Mesh Networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
ICTD'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Information and communication technologies and development
A MAR-based QoS routing in long-distance wireless networks
Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference
JaldiMAC: taking the distance further
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions
Internet usage and performance analysis of a rural wireless network in Macha, Zambia
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions
Energy-efficient communication in next generation rural-area wireless networks
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM workshop on Cognitive radio networks
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Comparing web interaction models in developing regions
Proceedings of the First ACM Symposium on Computing for Development
Analyzing and accelerating web access in a school in peri-urban India
Proceedings of the 20th international conference companion on World wide web
Traffic characterization and internet usage in rural Africa
Proceedings of the 20th international conference companion on World wide web
VillageShare: facilitating content generation and sharing in rural networks
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development
Experiences of deploying and commercializing a community radio automation system in India
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development
VillageCell: cost effective cellular connectivity in rural areas
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development
IT service management education in Tanzania: an organizational and grassroots-level perspective
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Information technology education
Traffic-aware channel width adaptation in long-distance 802.11 mesh networks
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Building a low cost low power wireless network to enable voice communication in developing regions
ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
Deployments made easy: essentials of managing a (rural) wireless mesh network
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Symposium on Computing for Development
Raabta: low-cost video conferencing for the developing world
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM MobiCom workshop on Lowest cost denominator networking for universal access
Binder: a system to aggregate multiple internet gateways in community networks
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM MobiCom workshop on Lowest cost denominator networking for universal access
Local, sustainable, small-scale cellular networks
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development: Full Papers - Volume 1
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes - Volume 2
Interactive web caching for slow or intermittent networks
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computing for Development
An experiment in reducing cellular base station power draw with virtual coverage
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computing for Development
The increased bandwidth fallacy: performance and usage in rural Zambia
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Computing for Development
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Very few computer systems that have been deployed in rural developing regions manage to stay operationally sustainable over the long term; most systems do not go beyond the pilot phase. The reasons for this failure vary: components fail often due to poor power quality, fault diagnosis is hard to achieve in the absence of local expertise and reliable connectivity for remote experts, and fault prediction is non-existent. Any solution addressing these issues must be extremely low-cost for rural viability. We take a broad systemic view of the problem, document the operational challenges in detail, and present low-cost and sustainable solutions for several aspects of the system including monitoring, power, backchannels, recovery mechanisms, and software. Our work in the last three years has led to the deployment and scaling of two rural wireless networks: (1) the Aravind telemedicine network in southern India supports video-conferencing for 3000 rural patients per month, and is targeting 500,000 patient examinations per year, and (2) the AirJaldi network in nothern India provides Internet access and VoIP services to 10,000 rural users.