Improved search engines and navigation preference in personal information management

  • Authors:
  • Ofer Bergman;Ruth Beyth-Marom;Rafi Nachmias;Noa Gradovitch;Steve Whittaker

  • Affiliations:
  • Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK;The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel;Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel;Sheffield University, Sheffield, UK

  • Venue:
  • ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
  • Year:
  • 2008

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Abstract

Traditionally users access their personal files mainly by usingfolder navigation. We evaluate whether recent improvements indesktop search have changed this fundamental aspect of PersonalInformation Management (PIM). We tested this in two studies usingthe same questionnaire: (a) The Windows Studya longitudinalcomparison of Google Desktop and Windows XP SearchCompanion, and (b) The Mac Studya large scale comparison of MacSpotlight and Sherlock. There were few effects forimproved search. First, regardless of search engine, there was astrong navigation preference: on average, users estimated that theyused navigation for 56-68% of file retrieval events but searchedfor only 4-15% of events. Second, the effect of improving thequality of the search engine on search usage was limited andinconsistent. Third, search was used mainly as a last resort whenusers could not remember file location. Finally, there was noevidence that using improved desktop search engines leads people tochange their filing habits to become less reliant on hierarchicalfile organization. We conclude by offering theoretical explanationsfor navigation preference, relating to differences between PIM andInternet retrieval, and suggest alternative design directions forPIM systems.