Survey and bibliography of Arabic optical text recognition
Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Omnifont Open-Vocabulary OCR System for English and Arabic
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Omnifont and Unlimited-Vocabulary OCR for English and Arabic
ICDAR '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICIP '95 Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Image Processing (Vol. 3)-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Recognition of Off-Line Handwritten Arabic Words Using Hidden Markov Model Approach
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 3 - Volume 3
Off-Line Handwritten Arabic Character Segmentation Algorithm: ACSA
IWFHR '02 Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR'02)
A Data Base for Arabic Handwritten Text Recognition Research
IWFHR '02 Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR'02)
Planar Markov Modeling for Arabic Writing Recognition: Advancement State
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Off-Line Recognition of Isolated Persian Handwritten Characters Using Multiple Hidden Markov Models
ITCC '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
Recognising handwritten Arabic manuscripts using a single hidden Markov model
Pattern Recognition Letters
HMM Based Approach for Handwritten Arabic Word Recognition Using the IFN/ENIT- Database
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Pattern Recognition Letters
Offline Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Texts Using HMMs and Statistical Language Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Printed arabic character recognition using HMM
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Benefit of multiclassifier systems for Arabic handwritten words recognition
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Structural Decomposition and Statistical Description of Farsi/Arabic Handwritten Numeric Characters
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Pre-processing Methods for Handwritten Arabic Documents
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Segmentation and Pre-Recognition of Arabic Handwriting
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using Baseline Dependant Features and Hidden Markov Modeling
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Versatile search of scanned Arabic handwriting
SACH'06 Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Arabic and Chinese handwriting recognition
Developing typewritten Arabic corpus with multi-fonts (TRACOM)
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Multilingual OCR
A neuro-fuzzy inference engine for Farsi numeral characters recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Comparison of global and cascading recognition systems applied to multi-font arabic text
Proceedings of the 10th ACM symposium on Document engineering
Offline handwritten Arabic cursive text recognition using Hidden Markov Models and re-ranking
Pattern Recognition Letters
Segment confidence-based binary segmentation (SCBS) for cursive handwritten words
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A database for offline arabic handwritten text recognition
ICIAR'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Image analysis and recognition - Volume Part II
Pattern Recognition Letters
Offline arabic handwritten text recognition: A Survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Recognition of Nastalique Urdu ligatures
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Multilingual OCR
KHATT: An open Arabic offline handwritten text database
Pattern Recognition
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This paper describes a technique for automatic recognition of off-line printed Arabic text using Hidden Markov Models. In this work different sizes of overlapping and non-overlapping hierarchical windows are used to generate 16 features from each vertical sliding strip. Eight different Arabic fonts were used for testing (viz. Arial, Tahoma, Akhbar, Thuluth, Naskh, Simplified Arabic, Andalus, and Traditional Arabic). It was experimentally proven that different fonts have their highest recognition rates at different numbers of states (5 or 7) and codebook sizes (128 or 256). Arabic text is cursive, and each character may have up to four different shapes based on its location in a word. This research work considered each shape as a different class, resulting in a total of 126 classes (compared to 28 Arabic letters). The achieved average recognition rates were between 98.08% and 99.89% for the eight experimental fonts. The main contributions of this work are the novel hierarchical sliding window technique using only 16 features for each sliding window, considering each shape of Arabic characters as a separate class, bypassing the need for segmenting Arabic text, and its applicability to other languages.