SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
GI '96 Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '96
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automated Eye Motion Using Texture Synthesis
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Acquiring and validating motion qualities from live limb gestures
Graphical Models
A model of attention and interest using Gaze behavior
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
A model of gaze for the purpose of emotional expression in virtual embodied agents
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
Emotionally Expressive Head and Body Movement During Gaze Shifts
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Scrutinizing Natural Scenes: Controlling the Gaze of an Embodied Conversational Agent
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Bossy or wimpy: expressing social dominance by combining gaze and linguistic behaviors
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
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Real-time virtual humans are less believable than hand-animated characters, particularly in the way they perform gaze. In this paper, we provide the results of an empirical study that explores an observer's attribution of emotional state to gaze. We have taken a set of low-level gaze behaviors culled from the nonverbal behavior literature; combined these behaviors based on a dimensional model of emotion; and then generated animations of these behaviors using our gaze model based on the Gaze Warping Transformation (GWT) [9], [10]. Then, subjects judged the animations displaying these behaviors. The results, while preliminary, demonstrate that the emotional state attributed to gaze behaviors can be predicted using a dimensional model of emotion; and show the utility of the GWT gaze model in performing bottom-up behavior studies.