Audience engagement in multimedia presentations
ACM SIGMIS Database
Cognitive and gender factors influencing navigation in a virtual environment
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Emotion & design: attractive things work better
interactions
Student engagement with simulations: a case study
Computers & Education
Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Edutainment'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment
Full body interaction for serious games in motor rehabilitation
Proceedings of the 2nd Augmented Human International Conference
Visual and Auditory Cue Effects on Risk Assessment in a Highway Training Simulation
Simulation and Gaming
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We measured the effects of sound and visual dynamic elements on user experience of a serious game, with special interest in engagement and arousal. Engagement was measured through questionnaires and arousal through the SAM and electromyography (EMG). We adopted the EMG of the corrugator (frown muscle) and the zygomatic muscle (smile muscle) as indicators for arousal and valence. We hypothesized that sound and dynamic elements would increase engagement, while user characteristics would determine the amount of arousal. We find that the addition of dynamic elements to the game increases the user experience. Sound increases the ease of navigation, but does not determine user experience, probably due to the dominance of other game elements and user characteristics. The subjective evaluation is inconsistent with the physiological data on arousal. Hence, further research is required to elucidate the relation between arousal and engagement.