3-D sound for virtual reality and multimedia
3-D sound for virtual reality and multimedia
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Real-Time Cinematography for Games (Game Development Series)
Real-Time Cinematography for Games (Game Development Series)
Comparison of auditory, visual, and audiovisual navigation in a 3D space
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
The benefits of third-person perspective in virtual and augmented reality?
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Sound representing self-motion in virtual environments enhances linear vection
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Fun and Games
Technical Section: Influence of the size of the field of view on motion perception
Computers and Graphics
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Stress training and simulator complexity: why sometimes more is less
Behaviour & Information Technology
Effects of view, input device, and track width on video game driving
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011
Task-Relevant Sound and User Experience in Computer-Mediated Firefighter Training
Simulation and Gaming
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We investigated whether manipulation of visual and auditory depth and speed cues can affect a user's sense of risk for a low-cost nonimmersive virtual environment (VE) representing a highway environment with traffic incidents. The VE is currently used in an examination program to assess procedural knowledge of highway patrol officers. In its original form, the VE did not convey the danger of the simulated incidents, and trainees did not experience a sense of risk, even though important elements which contribute to a sense of danger in reality (like the speed and proximity of vehicles) were accurately modeled. This deficiency seriously degrades the validity of the VE as an examination tool. To provide viewers a more compelling impression of a simulated highway incident, we added variability to traffic behavior, and enhanced and added several visual and auditory depth and speed cues in the VE, which are known to affect risk perception in reality. Participants passively watched video clips of both the original and the enhanced versions of the simulation, and actively performed a lane crossing task in both interactive versions of the VE. Then, they filled out questionnaires addressing their speed, distance, and risk perception. The implemented changes did not affect speed and distance estimates, but significantly increased perceived personal risk. These results show that relatively minor changes to the visual, auditory, and dynamic aspects of a VE, established through proper analysis of user requirements and tasks, can significantly influence a user's experience, and thus determine the validity of the simulation for training and evaluation applications.