International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
Real-Time Cinematography for Games (Game Development Series)
Real-Time Cinematography for Games (Game Development Series)
The Experience of Presence: Factor Analytic Insights
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Cross-Media Presence Questionnaire: The ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Measuring and defining the experience of immersion in games
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Does Body Movement Engage You More in Digital Game Play? and Why?
ACII '07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Telepresence, soundscapes and technological expectation: putting the observer into the equation
Virtual Reality - Special Issue on Presence
International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations
Visual and Auditory Cue Effects on Risk Assessment in a Highway Training Simulation
Simulation and Gaming
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The authors added task-relevant sounds to a computer-mediated instructor in-the-loop virtual training for firefighter commanders in an attempt to raise the engagement and arousal of the users. Computer-mediated training for crew commanders should provide a sensory experience that is sufficiently intense to make the training viable and effective. In practice, sound is an important source of information for firefighters. During an evaluation of a soundless computer-mediated and instructor in-the-loop virtual training, both trainees and instructors frequently remarked that the lack of sound made the simulation less convincing and engaging. Research on entertainment games has shown that users may experience higher levels of presence, engagement, and arousal when sound is included in the simulations. The authors therefore hypothesized that the addition of task-relevant (informative) sounds to a virtual training would raise the engagement and arousal of the users, and the overall convincingness of the simulation. In this study, they included verisimilar and task-relevant sounds in an instructor in-the-loop computer-mediated firefighter training and assessed how these sounds affect user experience. In contrast to the common belief of trainees and instructors, the authors find that merely adding task-relevant sounds does not necessarily increase the engagement and arousal of the users. The authors conclude that the physical presence of (and verbal communication with) the instructor probably distracted from the simulation, and an integral sound design involving mediated communication with a remotely present instructor may be required to resolve this problem.