Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
SODA '03 Proceedings of the fourteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Leakage aware dynamic voltage scaling for real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Procrastination scheduling in fixed priority real-time systems
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Dynamic voltage scaling for systemwide energy minimization in real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Reducing both dynamic and leakage energy consumption for hard real-time systems
Proceedings of the 2004 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Fixed Priority Scheduling for Reducing Overall Energy on Variable Voltage Processors
RTSS '04 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Dynamic slack reclamation with procrastination scheduling in real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Energy-efficient policies for embedded clusters
LCTES '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
NPC'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IFIP international conference on Network and parallel computing
Scalable real-time system design using preemption thresholds
RTSS'10 Proceedings of the 21st IEEE conference on Real-time systems symposium
A survey on techniques for improving the energy efficiency of large-scale distributed systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS), which adjusts the clock speed and supply voltage dynamically, is an effective technique in reducing the energy consumption of embedded real-time systems. However, the longer a job executes, the more energy in the leakage current the device/processor consumes for the job. Procrastination scheduling, where task execution can be delayed to maximize the duration of idle intervals by keeping the processor in a sleep/shutdown state even if there are pending tasks within the timing constraints imposed by performance requirements, has been proposed to minimize leakage energy drain. This paper targets energy-efficient fixed-priority with preemption threshold scheduling for periodic real-time tasks on a uniprocessor DVS system with non-negligible leakage power consumption. We propose a two-phase algorithm. In the first phase, the execution speed, i.e., the supply voltage of each task are determined by applying off-line algorithms, and in the second phase, the procrastination length of each task is derived by applying on-line simulated work-demand time analysis, and thus the time moment to turn on/off the system is determined on the fly. A series of simulation experiments was evaluated for the performance of our algorithms. The results show that our proposed algorithms can derive energy-efficient schedules.