Using video to create avators in virtual reality
ACM SIGGRAPH 97 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '97
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NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
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Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard,Implementation and Applications
MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard,Implementation and Applications
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IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
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3DPVT '04 Proceedings of the 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission, 2nd International Symposium
Video Avatar: Embedded Video for Collaborative Virtual Environment
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02
EmoHeart: conveying emotions in second life based on affect sensing from text
Advances in Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on emotion-aware natural interaction
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In this paper, our objective is to facilitate the way in which emotion is conveyed through avatars in virtual environments. The established way of achieving this includes the end-user having to manually select his/her emotional state through a text base interface (using emoticons and/or keywords) and applying these pre-defined emotional states on avatars. In contrast to this rather trivial solution, we envisage a system that enables automatic extraction of emotion-related metadata from a video stream, most often originating from a webcam. Contrary to the seemingly trivial solution of sending entire video streams -- which is an optimal solution but often prohibitive in terms of bandwidth usage -- this metadata extraction process enables the system to be deployed in large-scale environments, as the bandwidth required for the communication channel is severely limited.