Software—Practice & Experience
A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Measurements of a distributed file system
SOSP '91 Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
A new approach to I/O performance evaluation: self-scaling I/O benchmarks, predicted I/O performance
SIGMETRICS '93 Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
SynRGen: an extensible file reference generator
SIGMETRICS '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMETRICS conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance '93 Proceedings of the 16th IFIP Working Group 7.3 international symposium on Computer performance modeling measurement and evaluation
Self-similarity in file systems
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Logical vs. physical file system backup
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Integrating content-based access mechanisms with hierarchical file systems
OSDI '99 Proceedings of the third symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
A large-scale study of file-system contents
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A trace-driven analysis of the UNIX 4.2 BSD file system
Proceedings of the tenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
A low-bandwidth network file system
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Storage management and caching in PAST, a large-scale, persistent peer-to-peer storage utility
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Fast and secure distributed read-only file system
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Introduction to Algorithms
A Framework for Evaluating Storage System Security
FAST '02 Proceedings of the Conference on File and Storage Technologies
A study of file sizes and functional lifetimes
SOSP '81 Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Pastiche: making backup cheap and easy
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
The Structural Cause of File Size Distributions
MASCOTS '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium in Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Samsara: honor among thieves in peer-to-peer storage
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
yFS: A Journaling File System Design for Handling Large Data Sets with Reduced Seeking
FAST '03 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Buttress: A Toolkit for Flexible and High Fidelity I/O Benchmarking
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Segank: A Distributed Mobile Storage System
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Auto-pilot: a platform for system software benchmarking
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
TBBT: scalable and accurate trace replay for file server evaluation
FAST'05 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies - Volume 4
Cooperative caching: using remote client memory to improve file system performance
OSDI '94 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
A comparison of file system workloads
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A five-year study of file-system metadata
FAST '07 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Trace: parallel trace replay with approximate causal events
FAST '07 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
TFS: a transparent file system for contributory storage
FAST '07 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Pergamum: replacing tape with energy efficient, reliable, disk-based archival storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Measurement and analysis of large-scale network file system workloads
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
KVZone and the search for a write-optimized key-value store
HotStorage'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in storage and file systems
Emulating Goliath storage systems with David
FAST'11 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and stroage technologies
Revisiting the storage stack in virtualized NAS environments
WIOV'11 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on I/O virtualization
Exposing file system mappings with MapFS
HotStorage'11 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in storage and file systems
A file is not a file: understanding the I/O behavior of Apple desktop applications
SOSP '11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
Emulating goliath storage systems with David
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Robust benchmarking for archival storage tiers
Proceedings of the sixth workshop on Parallel Data Storage
Analysis of Workload Behavior in Scientific and Historical Long-Term Data Repositories
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
De-indirection for flash-based SSDs with nameless writes
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
To chunk or not to chunk: implications for HTTP streaming video server performance
Proceedings of the 22nd international workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video
VM aware journaling: improving journaling file system performance in virtualization environments
Software—Practice & Experience
CEFLS: A Cost-Effective File Lookup Service in a Distributed Metadata File System
CCGRID '12 Proceedings of the 2012 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (ccgrid 2012)
A File Is Not a File: Understanding the I/O Behavior of Apple Desktop Applications
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Generating realistic datasets for deduplication analysis
USENIX ATC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
COSBench: cloud object storage benchmark
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
Examining extended and scientific metadata for scalable index designs
Proceedings of the 6th International Systems and Storage Conference
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
ACM SIGOPS 24th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
ROOT: replaying multithreaded traces with resource-oriented ordering
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
TABLEFS: enhancing metadata efficiency in the local file system
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Getting real: lessons in transitioning research simulations into hardware systems
FAST'13 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
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The performance of file systems and related software depends on characteristics of the underlying file-system image (i.e., file-system metadata and file contents). Unfortunately, rather than benchmarking with realistic file-system images, most system designers and evaluators rely on ad hoc assumptions and (often inaccurate) rules of thumb. Furthermore, the lack of standardization and reproducibility makes file system benchmarking ineffective. To remedy these problems, we develop Impressions, a framework to generate statistically accurate file-system images with realistic metadata and content. Impressions is flexible, supporting user-specified constraints on various file-system parameters using a number of statistical techniques to generate consistent images. In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of Impressions, and demonstrate its utility using desktop search as a case study. We believe Impressionswill prove to be useful for system developers and users alike.