A Method for Enforcing Integrability in Shape from Shading Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Symmetric Shape-from-Shading Using Self-ratio Image
International Journal of Computer Vision
Computer Vision: A Modern Approach
Computer Vision: A Modern Approach
Facial asymmetry quantification for expression invariant human identification
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Efficiently combining positions and normals for precise 3D geometry
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Face Processing: Advanced Modeling and Methods
Face Processing: Advanced Modeling and Methods
Matching 2.5D Face Scans to 3D Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An Efficient Multimodal 2D-3D Hybrid Approach to Automatic Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Evaluation of automatic 4D face recognition using surface and texture registration
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Facial action recognition for facial expression analysis from static face images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
This paper presents a novel method for estimating the three-dimensional shape of faces, facilitating the possibility of enhanced face recognition. The method involves a combined use of photometric stereo and profile view information. It can be divided into three principal stages: (1) An initial estimate of the face is obtained using four-source high-speed photometric stereo. (2) The profile is determined from a side-view camera. (3) The facial shape estimation is iteratively refined using the profile until an energy functional is minimised. This final stage, which is the most important contribution of the paper, works by continually deforming the shape estimate so that its profile is exact. An energy is then calculated based on the difference between the raw images and synthetic images generated using the new shape estimate. The surface normals are then adjusted according to energy until convergence. Several real face reconstructions are presented and compared to ground truth. The results clearly demonstrate a significant improvement in accuracy compared to standard photometric stereo.