User information processing strategies and online visual structure
SIGDOC '92 Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Systems documentation
Linking by inking: trailblazing in a paper-like hypertext
Proceedings of the ninth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia : links, objects, time and space---structure in hypermedia systems: links, objects, time and space---structure in hypermedia systems
A finger on the pulse: temporal rhythms and information seeking in medical work
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Real-Life Object-Oriented Systems
IEEE Software
Summary thumbnails: readable overviews for small screen web browsers
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Usability professionals-current practices and future development
Interacting with Computers
Coordinating heterogeneous work: information and representation in medical care
ECSCW'01 Proceedings of the seventh conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Documents in Place: Demarcating Places for Collaboration in Healthcare Settings
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
The notion of overview in information visualization
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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In addition to normal reading, knowledge can be gained from a paper document by pattern recognition and encoding of characteristics of the information media. There are reasons to believe that this can be done automatically with very little attentional demand. The knowledge gained is accessible to consciousness and can be used for task components like orientation, navigation, detection of changes and as a complement to normal reading. When information is computerized, and is read from a screen instead of from a paper, the conditions for automaticity are often radically changed. In most cases the reader has to gain the corresponding knowledge by effortful cognitive processes. This means adding to the cognitive load leaving less attentional capacity for the main task at hand. This problem can be avoided by a careful analysis of a reading task into its automatic and non-automatic components, followed by a dedicated user interface design where information relevant for orientation, navigation, etc. is presented in a way that the reader can perceive rather than read.