An evaluation of phrasal and clustered representations on a text categorization task
SIGIR '92 Proceedings of the 15th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Grading student programs using ASSYST
SIGCSE '97 Proceedings of the twenty-eighth SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
Effective electronic marking for on-line assessment
ITiCSE '98 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on the teaching of computing and the 3rd annual conference on Integrating technology into computer science education: Changing the delivery of computer science education
ITiCSE '98 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on the teaching of computing and the 3rd annual conference on Integrating technology into computer science education: Changing the delivery of computer science education
Automatic essay grading using text categorization techniques
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
PILOT: an interactive tool for learning and grading
Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
An automatic grading scheme for simple programming exercises
Communications of the ACM
The marking system for CourseMaster
Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education
Automated scoring using a hybrid feature identification technique
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Automatic evaluation of students' answers using syntactically enhanced LSA
HLT-NAACL-EDUC '03 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 03 workshop on Building educational applications using natural language processing - Volume 2
Automated rating of ESL essays
HLT-NAACL-EDUC '03 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 03 workshop on Building educational applications using natural language processing - Volume 2
A hybrid text classification approach for analysis of student essays
HLT-NAACL-EDUC '03 Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL 03 workshop on Building educational applications using natural language processing - Volume 2
A semantic analysis approach for assessing professionalism using free-form text entered online
Computers in Human Behavior
Multicriteria automatic essay assessor generation by using TOPSIS model and genetic algorithm
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
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This paper presents an approach for automatic grading of essays. Student essays are compared against a model or key essay provided by the teacher. The similarity between a student essay and the model essay is measured by the cosine of their contained angle in an n-dimensional semantic space. The model essay is preprocessed by removing stopwords, extracting keywords, assigning weights to keywords to reflect their importance and finally by linking every keyword to a subject-oriented synonym list. The student essay, by comparison, is preprocessed by removing stopwords and then by extracting keywords. The keywords extracted from the model essay and the keywords extracted from students essays together with weights provided by teacher are used to build feature vectors for teacher and students essays. The obtained grade depends on the similarity between these vectors (calculated by using the cosine formula). A simulator was implemented to test the viability of the proposed approach. It was fed with student essays (at the university level) gathered from database management course over three semesters. The results were very encouraging and the agreement between the auto-grader and human grader was as good as the agreement between human graders.