ELF: an efficient log-structured flash file system for micro sensor nodes
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Algorithms and data structures for flash memories
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Dynamic reconfiguration of CPU and WebSphere on IBM pSeries servers
Software—Practice & Experience
A transactional flash file system for microcontrollers
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Storage alternatives for mobile computers
OSDI '94 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
A log buffer-based flash translation layer using fully-associative sector translation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Endurance enhancement of flash-memory storage systems: an efficient static wear leveling design
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
BPLRU: a buffer management scheme for improving random writes in flash storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
IBM Journal of Research and Development
A case for flash memory ssd in enterprise database applications
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Improving NAND Flash Based Disk Caches
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Design tradeoffs for SSD performance
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Migrating server storage to SSDs: analysis of tradeoffs
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
CPS-SIM: configurable and accurate clock precision solid state drive simulator
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
FlashSim: A Simulator for NAND Flash-Based Solid-State Drives
SIMUL '09 Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Advances in System Simulation
Moneta: A High-Performance Storage Array Architecture for Next-Generation, Non-volatile Memories
MICRO '43 Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Hierarchical performance measurement and modeling of the linux file system
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering
Block storage virtualization with commodity secure digital cards
VEE '12 Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS conference on Virtual Execution Environments
A flexible OS-based approach for characterizing solid-state disk endurance
Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computing Frontiers
A multi-controller design for solid-state drives
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Research in Applied Computation Symposium
A multi-controller architecture for high-performance solid-state drives
ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review
Investigating hybrid SSD FTL schemes for Hadoop workloads
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
A component-based end-to-end simulation of the Linux file system
Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM)
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Solid-State Disks (SSDs) made out of Flash devices have gained a lot of prominence in recent years due to their increasing performance and endurance. A number of mechanisms are being proposed to improve the performance and reliability of these devices from technological and operating system perspectives, to integrate them into personal computers and enterprise systems. Most of such proposals are being implemented and evaluated directly on top of these SSDs and require sophisticated framework and infrastructure for thorough performance evaluation. On the other hand, to our knowledge, very little has been done on modeling Flash devices and building efficient Flash simulators that can be used to simulate SSDs. Such models and simulators can give insights to make design decisions, save a lot of cumbersome work for setup and implementation, save hardware costs and allow researchers to focus on the real methods that are being proposed. This paper presents a linear model for NAND-based Flash devices based on the internal architecture of these devices. Parameters of the model are presented along with micro-benchmarks that can be used to extract these parameters. The model is validated on the STEC Zeus Flash SSD and extracted parameters are used to build a Flash simulator as a kernel extension in the AIX operating system. A key feature of the simulator is that it simulates I/O requests by maintaining minimal state information and is independent of the internal organization of a Flash SSD. The simulator is validated using commercial and raw-IO applications through experimentation on the simulator and real Flash disks.