Algorithms and data structures for flash memories
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A transactional flash file system for microcontrollers
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A log buffer-based flash translation layer using fully-associative sector translation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Endurance enhancement of flash-memory storage systems: an efficient static wear leveling design
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
μ-tree: an ordered index structure for NAND flash memory
EMSOFT '07 Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software
Design tradeoffs for SSD performance
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
CPS-SIM: configurable and accurate clock precision solid state drive simulator
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
FlashSim: A Simulator for NAND Flash-Based Solid-State Drives
SIMUL '09 Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Advances in System Simulation
Modeling and simulating flash based solid-state disks for operating systems
Proceedings of the first joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference on Performance engineering
Extending SSD lifetimes with disk-based write caches
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Write endurance in flash drives: measurements and analysis
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
How i learned to stop worrying and love flash endurance
HotStorage'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in storage and file systems
A space-efficient flash translation layer for CompactFlash systems
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
Investigating hybrid SSD FTL schemes for Hadoop workloads
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
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The performance and power benefits of Flash memory have paved its adoption in mass storage devices in the form of Solid-State Disks (SSDs). Despite these benefits, Flash memory's limited write endurance remains a big impediment to its wide adoption in the enterprise server market. Existing research efforts have mostly focused on proposing various mechanisms and algorithms to improve SSD's performance and reliability. However, there is still a lack of flexible tools that allow characterizing SSD endurance (i.e., wear-out behavior) and investigating its impact on applications without affecting the lifetime of the real SSD device. To address this issue, SolidSim, a kernel-level simulator has been enhanced with capabilities to simulate state-of-the-art wear-leveling, garbage-collection and other advanced internal management techniques of an SSD. These extensions have further increased SolidSim's flexibility to study both SSD performance and endurance characteristics. Our approach allows investigating these characteristics without requiring any changes to applications or gathering any workload traces. The paper presents insights into wear-out behavior including logical, physical and translation characteristics, and correlates them with application behavior and SSD life-times using a set of representative workloads.