The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Old paintings, new technology: does instructive animation make sense in art education?
Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia
Surveying instructor and learner attitudes toward e-learning
Computers & Education
Computers in Human Behavior
Note-taking while learning hypermedia: Cognitive and motivational considerations
Computers in Human Behavior
Nonlinear technology: Changing the conception of extrinsic motivation?
Computers & Education
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Computer-based instruction (CBI) is becoming increasingly popular in the classroom, particularly because the latest technological advancements allow for visually rich and interactive environments. While the inherent nature of CBIs is often thought to engage learners, research examining the role of motivation in learning with these environments has resulted in mixed findings. These findings are further complicated by unique design characteristics of distinct CBIs. This literature review synthesizes research that has examined the role of theoretically-grounded constructs of motivation in the context of three popular CBIs, multimedia, hypermedia, and hypertext. Specifically, this literature review considered empirical studies that examined the effect of these CBIs on motivation, in addition to the effect of motivation on learning outcomes and the learning process within the context of these environments. The literature review concludes with a theoretical consideration of previous research and a discussion of a framework for future directions.