Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The limits of expert performance using hierarchic marking menus
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
Shorthand writing on stylus keyboard
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CodePad: interactive spaces for maintaining concentration in programming environments
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Software visualization
Protractor3D: a closed-form solution to rotation-invariant 3D gestures
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Experimental analysis of touch-screen gesture designs in mobile environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Continuous recognition and visualization of pen strokes and touch-screen gestures
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Simpleflow: enhancing gestural interaction with gesture prediction, abbreviation and autocompletion
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part I
Estimating the perceived difficulty of pen gestures
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
The effect of sampling rate on the performance of template-based gesture recognizers
ICMI '11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on multimodal interfaces
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
1F: one accessory feature design for gesture recognizers
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Bootstrapping personal gesture shortcuts with the wisdom of the crowd and handwriting recognition
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
GestureCommander: continuous touch-based gesture prediction
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
$N-protractor: a fast and accurate multistroke recognizer
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Small gestures go a long way: how many bits per gesture do recognizers actually need?
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
HBF49 feature set: A first unified baseline for online symbol recognition
Pattern Recognition
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Gestures as point clouds: a $P recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
The impact of motion dimensionality and bit cardinality on the design of 3D gesture recognizers
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
An exploration of pen tail gestures for interactions
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Automatic recognition of object size and shape via user-dependent measurements of the grasping hand
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The challenges and potential of end-user gesture customization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Kolibri: tiny and fast gestures for large pen-based surfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Error-proof, high-performance, and context-aware gestures for interactive text edition
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Small, medium, or large?: estimating the user-perceived scale of stroke gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Surround-see: enabling peripheral vision on smartphones during active use
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Understanding the consistency of users' pen and finger stroke gesture articulation
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
Proceedings of the companion publication of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Under the table: tap authentication for smartphones
BCS-HCI '13 Proceedings of the 27th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference
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Protractor is a novel gesture recognizer that can be easily implemented and quickly customized for different users. Protractor uses a nearest neighbor approach, which recognizes an unknown gesture based on its similarity to each of the known gestures, e.g., training samples or examples given by a user. In particular, it employs a novel method to measure the similarity between gestures, by calculating a minimum angular distance between them with a closed-form solution. As a result, Protractor is more accurate, naturally covers more gesture variation, runs significantly faster and uses much less memory than its peers. This makes Protractor suitable for mobile computing, which is limited in processing power and memory. An evaluation on both a previously published gesture data set and a newly collected gesture data set indicates that Protractor outperforms its peers in many aspects.