The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Silicon sycophants: the effects of computers that flatter
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Put your best face forward: anthropomorphic agents, e-commerce consumers, and the law
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Can computer-generated speech have gender?: an experimental test of gender stereotype
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship
Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship
The advisor robot: tracing people's mental model from a robot's physical attributes
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART conference on Human-robot interaction
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Human-Computer Interaction
Whose job is it anyway? a study of human-robot interaction in a collaborative task
Human-Computer Interaction
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The present experiment investigated if anthropomorphic interfaces facilitate people's tendency to project social expectations onto computers and how such effects might vary depending on users' cognitive style. In a 2 (synthetic vs. recorded speech)x2 (flattering vs. generic feedback)x2 (low vs. high rationality)x2 (low vs. high experientiality) experiment, participants played a trivia game with a computer. Use of recorded speech did not amplify the previously documented flattery effects (Fogg & Nass, 1997), challenging the notion that anthropomorphism will promote social responses to computers. Participants evaluated the human-voiced computer more positively and conformed more to its suggestions than the one using synthetic speech, but such effects were found only among less analytical or more intuition-driven individuals, suggesting dispositional differences in people's susceptibility to anthropomorphic cues embedded in the interface.