Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
Plans and situated actions: the problem of human-machine communication
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Emotional meaning and expression in animated faces
Affective interactions
Tears and fears: modeling emotions and emotional behaviors in synthetic agents
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Recognition of Affective Communicative Intent in Robot-Directed Speech
Autonomous Robots
Toward a New Generation of Virtual Humans for Interactive Experiences
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Modeling coping behavior in virtual humans: don't worry, be happy
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Social Judgment in Multiagent Interactions
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
Experimental evaluation of polite interaction tactics for pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Contextual recognition of head gestures
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Evaluating a computational model of social causality and responsibility
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
AI Magazine - Special issue on achieving human-level AI through integrated systems and research
Affective learning companions: strategies for empathetic agents with real-time multimodal affective sensing to foster meta-cognitive and meta-affective approaches to learning, motivation, and perseverance
Lifelike pedagogical agents and affective computing: an exploratory synthesis
Artificial intelligence today
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion
Cognitive Systems Research
What holds emotions together? Meaning and response coordination
Cognitive Systems Research
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Does a facial expression convey privileged information about a person's mental state or is it a communicative act, divorced from "true" beliefs, desires and intentions? This question is often cast as a dichotomy between competing theoretical perspectives. Theorists like Ekman argue for the primacy of emotion as a determinant of nonverbal behavior: emotions "leak" and only indirectly serve social ends. In contrast, theorists such as Fridlund argue for the primacy of social ends in determining nonverbal displays. This dichotomy has worked to divide virtual character research. Whereas there have been advances in modeling emotion, this work is often seen as irrelevant to the generation of communicative behavior. In this chapter, I review current findings on the interpersonal function of emotion. I'll discuss recent developments in Social Appraisal theory as a way to bridge this dichotomy and our attempts to model these functions within the context of embodied conversational agents.