Ultra-low power digital subthreshold logic circuits
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Optimal Supply and Threshold Scaling for Subthreshold CMOS Circuits
ISVLSI '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI
Robust level converter design for sub-threshold logic
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Single stage static level shifter design for subthreshold to I/O voltage conversion
Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Energy-efficient subthreshold processor design
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Breaking the power delivery wall using voltage stacking
Proceedings of the great lakes symposium on VLSI
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This brief presents a fast energy-efficient level converter capable of converting an input signal from subthreshold voltages up to the nominal supply voltage. Measured results from a 130-nm test chip show robust conversion from 188 mV to 1.2 V with no intermediate supplies required. A combination of circuit methods makes the converter robust to the large variations in the current characteristics of subthreshold circuits. To support dynamic voltage scaling, the level converter can upconvert an input at any voltage within this range to 1.2 V.