Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting
EuroCOLT '95 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computational Learning Theory
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Embedded Hardware Face Detection
VLSID '04 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design
Object Detection Using the Statistics of Parts
International Journal of Computer Vision
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Real-Time Multi Face Detection Technique Using Positive-Negative Lines-of-Face Template
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Resampling for Face Detection by Self-Adaptive Genetic Algorithm
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 3 - Volume 03
Computer Vision on FPGAs: Design Methodology and its Application to Gesture Recognition
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Face detection for automatic exposure control in handheld camera
ICVS '06 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Systems
A Parallel Architecture for Hardware Face Detection
ISVLSI '06 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on Emerging VLSI Technologies and Architectures
On-Road Vehicle Detection: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on modeling people: Vision-based understanding of a person's shape, appearance, movement, and behaviour
Multimodal human-computer interaction: A survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Face Detection on Embedded Systems
ICESS '07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded Software and Systems
Embedded Computer Vision
Communication-aware face detection using noc architecture
ICVS'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Computer vision systems
Expand training set for face detection by GA re-sampling
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part III
A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A real-time embedded architecture for SIFT
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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Face detection is a widely studied topic in computer vision, and recent advances in algorithms, low cost processing, and CMOS imagers make it practical for embedded consumer applications. As with graphics, the best cost-performance ratio is achieved with dedicated hardware. In this paper, we design an embedded face detection system for handheld digital cameras or camera phones. The challenges of face detection in embedded environments include an efficient pipeline design, bandwidth constraints set by low cost memory, a need to find parallelism, and how to utilize the available hardware resources efficiently. In addition, consumer applications require reliability which calls for a hard real-time approach to guarantee that processing deadlines are met. Specifically, the main contributions of the paper include: (1) incorporation of a Genetic Algorithm in the AdaBoost training to optimize the detection performance given the number of Haar features; (2) a complexity control scheme to meet hard real-time deadlines; (3) a hardware pipeline design for Haar-like feature calculation and a system design exploiting several levels of parallelism. The proposed architecture is verified by synthesis to Altera's low cost Cyclone II FPGA. Simulation results show the system can achieve about 75-80% detection rate for group portraits.