A flexible image database system for content-based retrieval
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on content-based access for image and video libraries
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Edge detector evaluation using empirical ROC curves
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on empirical evaluation of computer vision algorithms
Statistical color models with application to skin detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Comparison of Five Color Models in Skin Pixel Classification
RATFG-RTS '99 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems
Does Colorspace Transformation Make Any Difference on Skin Detection?
WACV '02 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
Pattern Recognition Letters
A survey of skin-color modeling and detection methods
Pattern Recognition
An efficient PCA-based color transfer method
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Naked image detection based on adaptive and extensible skin color model
Pattern Recognition
Objective evaluation of approaches of skin detection using ROC analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Task-based evaluation of skin detection for communication and perceptual interfaces
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Sequential Belief-Based Fusion of Manual and Non-manual Information for Recognizing Isolated Signs
Gesture-Based Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation
On the performance of kernel methods for skin color segmentation
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
CIBCB'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE conference on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Detecting skin in face recognition systems: A colour spaces study
Digital Signal Processing
Crop segmentation from images by morphology modeling in the CIE L*a*b* color space
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
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Skin detection is an important preliminary process in human motion analysis. It is commonly performed in three steps: transforming the pixel color to a non-RGB colorspace, dropping the illuminance component of skin color, and classifying by modeling the skin color distribution. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of these three steps on the skin detection performance. The importance of this study is a new comprehensive colorspace and color modeling testing methodology that would allow for making the best choices for skin detection. Combinations of nine colorspaces, the presence of the absence of the illuminance component, and the two color modeling approaches are compared. The performance is measured by using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve on a large dataset of 805 images with manual ground truth. The results reveal that (1) colorspace transformations can improve performance in certain instances, (2) the absence of the illuminance component decreases performance, and (3) skin color modeling has a greater impact than colorspace transformation. We found that the best performance was obtained by transforming the pixel color to the SCT or HSI colorspaces, keeping the illuminance component, and modeling the color with the histogram approach.