Advertising in a pervasive computing environment
WMC '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Mobile commerce
Vision-Based Face Tracking System for Large Displays
UbiComp '02 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Real-Time Stereo Tracking for Head Pose and Gaze Estimation
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Head Pose Estimation in Computer Vision: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Eye Tracking in Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Research
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Eye gaze tracking techniques for interactive applications
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Novel Gaze-Controlled Applications
SideWays: a gaze interface for spontaneous interaction with situated displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
On designing interactivity awareness for ambient displays
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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In this paper, we explore the real-time tracking of human gazes in front of large public displays. The aim of our work is to estimate at which area of a display one ore more people are looking at a time, independently from the distance and angle to the display as well as the height of the tracked people. Gaze tracking is relevant for a variety of purposes, including the automatic recognition of the user's focus of attention, or the control of interactive applications with gaze gestures. The scope of the present paper is on the former, and we show how gaze tracking can be used for implicit interaction in the pervasive advertising domain. We have developed a prototype for this purpose, which (i) uses an overhead mounted camera to distinguish four gaze areas on a large display, (ii) works for a wide range of positions in front of the display, and (iii) provides an estimation of the currently gazed quarters in real time. A detailed description of the prototype as well as the results of a user study with 12 participants, which show the recognition accuracy for different positions in front of the display, are presented.