PEDS: a parallel error detection scheme for TCAM devices

Authors:
Anat Bremler-Barr;David Hay;Danny Hendler;Ron M. Roth
Affiliations:
Efi Arazi School of Computer Science, The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel;Electrical Engineering Department, Columbia University, New York, NY and Computer Science Department, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel;Computer Science Department, Ben-Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel;Computer Science Department, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Venue:
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Year:
2010

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Abstract

Ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) devices are increasingly used for performing high-speed packet classification. A TCAM consists of an associative memory that compares a search key in parallel against all entries. TCAMs may suffer from error events that cause ternary cells to change their value to any symbol in the ternary alphabet {"0","1","*"}. Due to their parallel access feature, standard error detection schemes are not directly applicable to TCAMs; an additional difficulty is posed by the special semantic of the "*" symbol. This paper introduces PEDS, a novel parallel error detection scheme that locates the erroneous entries in a TCAM device. PEDS is based on applying an error-detecting code to each TCAM entry and utilizing the parallel capabilities of the TCAM by simultaneously checking the correctness of multiple TCAM entries. A key feature of PEDS is that the number of TCAM lookup operations required to locate all errors depends on the number of symbols per entry in a manner that is typically orders of magnitude smaller than the number of TCAM entries. For large TCAM devices, a specific instance of PEDS requires only 200 lookups for 100-symbol entries, while a naive approach may need hundreds of thousands of lookups. PEDS allows flexible and dynamic selection of tradeoff points between robustness, space complexity, and number of lookups.