Trading packet headers for packet processing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Scalable high speed IP routing lookups
SIGCOMM '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
Computer architecture (2nd ed.): a quantitative approach
Fast and scalable layer four switching
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
High-speed policy-based packet forwarding using efficient multi-dimensional range matching
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Router plugins: a software architecture for next generation routers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Packet classification using tuple space search
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Packet classification on multiple fields
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Scalable packet classification
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Network Processor Design: Issues and Practices
Network Processor Design: Issues and Practices
Packet classification using multidimensional cutting
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Packet Classification Using Extended TCAMs
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
IP switching and gigabit routers
IEEE Communications Magazine
Fast and scalable packet classification
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
ClassBench: a packet classification benchmark
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
NetADHICT: a tool for understanding network traffic
LISA'07 Proceedings of the 21st conference on Large Installation System Administration Conference
Layered interval codes for tcam-based classification
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Towards a taxonomy of network scanning techniques
Proceedings of the 2008 annual research conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists on IT research in developing countries: riding the wave of technology
Multiprimary Support for the Availability of Cluster-Based Stateful Firewalls Using FT-FW
ESORICS '08 Proceedings of the 13th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security: Computer Security
Acceleration of decision tree searching for IP traffic classification
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Packet prediction for speculative cut-through switching
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Large-scale wire-speed packet classification on FPGAs
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
On the numbers of variables to represent sparse logic functions
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Model-Based Development of firewall rule sets: Diagnosing model inconsistencies
Information and Software Technology
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Scalable packet classification with controlled cross-producting
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Topological transformation approaches to optimizing TCAM-based packet classification systems
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Sequence-preserving parallel IP lookup using multiple SRAM-based pipelines
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Field-split parallel architecture for high performance multi-match packet classification using FPGAs
Proceedings of the twenty-first annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures
MDA-Based Framework for Automatic Generation of Consistent Firewall ACLs with NAT
ICCSA '09 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications: Part II
Fast information processing over business networks
AIC'09 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Applied informatics and communications
LOP: a novel SRAM-based architecture for low power and high throughput packet classification
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
GPU packet classification using OpenCL: a consideration of viable classification methods
Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists
A high-speed and EDP-efficient range-matching scheme for packet classification
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
A high-speed range-matching TCAM for storage-efficient packet classification
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
Range trees with variable length comparisons
HPSR'09 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High Performance Switching and Routing
Packet processing with blocking for bursty traffic on multi-thread network processor
HPSR'09 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High Performance Switching and Routing
Improving performance of digest caches in network processors
HiPC'08 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High performance computing
Reducing dynamic power dissipation in pipelined forwarding engines
ICCD'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Computer design
Small subset queries and bloom filters using ternary associative memories, with applications
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Energy-efficient multi-pipeline architecture for terabit packet classification
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Worst-case TCAM rule expansion
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Simple efficient TCAM based range classification
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
CompactDFA: generic state machine compression for scalable pattern matching
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
On constructing efficient shared decision trees for multiple packet filters
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
NetShield: massive semantics-based vulnerability signature matching for high-speed networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
Hashing round-down prefixes for rapid packet classification
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
Range Tries for scalable address lookup
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Progressive hashing for packet processing using set associative memory
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Parallel packet classification using GPU co-processors
SAICSIT '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Research Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists
Power-Aware Parallel Forwarding: An Optimization Study
GREENCOM-CPSCOM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing
PEDS: a parallel error detection scheme for TCAM devices
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Topological transformation approaches to TCAM-based packet classification
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Split: Optimizing Space, Power, and Throughput for TCAM-Based Classification
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM/IEEE Seventh Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
TreeCAM: decoupling updates and lookups in packet classification
Proceedings of the Seventh COnference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies
Journal of Systems and Software
A compiler and run-time system for network programming languages
POPL '12 Proceedings of the 39th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Task optimization based on CPU pipeline technique in a multicore system
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Speedy FPGA-based packet classifiers with low on-chip memory requirements
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays
International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing
Efficient BitTorrent handshake obfuscation
Proceedings of the First Workshop on P2P and Dependability
Bit weaving: a non-prefix approach to compressing packet classifiers in TCAMs
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Layered interval codes for TCAM-based classification
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A new hierarchical packet classification algorithm
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Network-level access control policy analysis and transformation
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
CaptureFoundry: a GPU accelerated packet capture analysis tool
Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference
Managing hybrid packet filter's specifications
International Journal of Security and Networks
Space and speed tradeoffs in TCAM hierarchical packet classification
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Optimal packet classification applicable tothe OpenFlow context
Proceedings of the first edition workshop on High performance and programmable networking
Scalable packet classification on FPGA
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Hint-based cache design for reducing miss penalty in HBS packet classification algorithm
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Towards a GPU accelerated virtual machine for massively parallel packet classification and filtering
Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference
Hardware accelerators targeting a novel group based packet classification algorithm
International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing
Scalable ternary content addressable memory implementation using FPGAs
ANCS '13 Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
A ternary unification framework for optimizing TCAM-based packet classification systems
ANCS '13 Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
High-performance architecture for dynamically updatable packet classification on FPGA
ANCS '13 Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
An impulse-c hardware accelerator for packet classification based on fine/coarse grain optimization
International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing
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Packet classification is an enabling function for a variety of Internet applications including quality of service, security, monitoring, and multimedia communications. In order to classify a packet as belonging to a particular flow or set of flows, network nodes must perform a search over a set of filters using multiple fields of the packet as the search key. In general, there have been two major threads of research addressing packet classification, algorithmic and architectural. A few pioneering groups of researchers posed the problem, provided complexity bounds, and offered a collection of algorithmic solutions. Subsequently, the design space has been vigorously explored by many offering new algorithms and improvements on existing algorithms. Given the inability of early algorithms to meet performance constraints imposed by high speed links, researchers in industry and academia devised architectural solutions to the problem. This thread of research produced the most widely-used packet classification device technology, Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM). New architectural research combines intelligent algorithms and novel architectures to eliminate many of the unfavorable characteristics of current TCAMs. We observe that the community appears to be converging on a combined algorithmic and architectural approach to the problem. Using a taxonomy based on the high-level approach to the problem and a minimal set of running examples, we provide a survey of the seminal and recent solutions to the problem. It is our hope to foster a deeper understanding of the various packet classification techniques while providing a useful framework for discerning relationships and distinctions.