Leakage aware dynamic voltage scaling for real-time embedded systems
Proceedings of the 41st annual Design Automation Conference
Extending the lifetime of fuel cell based hybrid systems
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
High-level power management of embedded systems with application-specific energy cost functions
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Maximizing the lifetime of embedded systems powered by fuel cell-battery hybrids
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Dynamic power management with hybrid power sources
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Energy management of DVS-DPM enabled embedded systems powered by fuel cell-battery hybrid source
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
On-chip hybrid power supply system for wireless sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Single-inductor fuel cell-Li ion charger-supply IC with nested hysteretic control
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
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Fuel cell (FC) is a viable alternative power source for portable applications; it has higher energy density than traditional Li-ion battery and thus can achieve longer lifetime for the same weight or volume. However, because of its limited power density, it can hardly track fast fluctuations in the load current of digital systems. A hybrid power source, which consists of a FC and a Li-ion battery, has the advantages of long lifetime and good load following capabilities. In this paper, we consider the problem of extending the lifetime of a fuel-cell-based hybrid source that is used to provide power to an embedded system which supports dynamic voltage scaling (DVS). We propose an energy-based optimization framework that considers the characteristics of both the energy consumer (the embedded system) and the energy provider (the hybrid power source). We use this framework to develop algorithms that determine the output power level of the FC and the scaling factor of the DVS processor during task scheduling. Simulations on task traces based on a real-application (Path Finder) and a randomized version demonstrate significant superiority of our algorithms with respect to a conventional DVS algorithm which only considers energy minimization of the embedded system.