EMPATH: face, emotion, and gender recognition using holons
NIPS-3 Proceedings of the 1990 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems 3
SexNet: A neural network identifies sex from human faces
NIPS-3 Proceedings of the 1990 conference on Advances in neural information processing systems 3
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
New Constraints on Data-Closeness and Needle Map Consistency for Shape-from-Shading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improved Boosting Algorithms Using Confidence-rated Predictions
Machine Learning - The Eleventh Annual Conference on computational Learning Theory
Learning Gender with Support Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Gender Classification of Human Faces
BMCV '02 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision
Gender and Ethnic Classification of Face Images
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Genetic Feature Subset Selection for Gender Classification: A Comparison Study
WACV '02 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision
A Unified Learning Framework for Real Time Face Detection and Classification
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Estimating the surface radiance function from single images
Graphical Models - Special issue: Vision and computer graphics
Cascaded Classification of Gender and Facial Expression using Active Appearance Models
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Boosting Sex Identification Performance
International Journal of Computer Vision
Combination of support vector machines using genetic programming
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems
Appearance-based gender classification with Gaussian processes
Pattern Recognition Letters
Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Combination and optimization of classifiers in gender classification using genetic programming
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
Facial Shape-from-shading and Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Robust Statistics
International Journal of Computer Vision
Learning Mixture Models for Gender Classification Based on Facial Surface Normals
IbPRIA '07 Proceedings of the 3rd Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Part I
The Role of Face Parts in Gender Recognition
ICIAR '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Supervised Principal Geodesic Analysis on Facial Surface Normals for Gender Classification
SSPR & SPR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
Facial gender classification using shape-from-shading
Image and Vision Computing
Assessment of time dependency in face recognition: an initial study
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
LUT-based Adaboost for gender classification
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Weighted principal geodesic analysis for facial gender classification
CIARP'07 Proceedings of the Congress on pattern recognition 12th Iberoamerican conference on Progress in pattern recognition, image analysis and applications
Integrating independent components and linear discriminant analysis for gender classification
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Gender classification using principal geodesic analysis and gaussian mixture models
CIARP'06 Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican conference on Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications
Multimodal facial gender and ethnicity identification
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Classification of face images for gender, age, facial expression, and identity
ICANN'05 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks: biological Inspirations - Volume Part I
Robust linear dimensionality reduction
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Estimating surface characteristics and extracting features from polarisation
SSPR'12/SPR'12 Proceedings of the 2012 Joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
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In this paper, we show how to use facial shape information to construct discriminating models for gender classification. We represent facial shapes using 2.5D fields of facial surface normals, and investigate three different methods to improve the gender discriminating capacity of the model constructed using the standard eigenspace method. The three methods are novel variants of principal geodesic analysis (PGA) namely (a) weighted PGA, (b) supervised weighted PGA, and (c) supervised PGA. Our starting point is to define a weight map over the facial surface that indicates the importance of different locations in discriminating gender. We show how to compute the relevant weights and how to incorporate the weights into the 2.5D model construction. We evaluate the performance of the alternative methods using facial surface normals extracted from 3D range images or recovered from brightness images. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. Moreover, the classification accuracy, which is as high as 97%, demonstrates the effectiveness of using facial shape information for gender classification.