Applied Intelligence
Aesthetic Selection: The Evolutionary Art of Steven Rooke
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Evolving neural networks through augmenting topologies
Evolutionary Computation
A 3D Modeling System for Creative Design
ICOIN '01 Proceedings of the The 15th International Conference on Information Networking
OMax brothers: a dynamic yopology of agents for improvization learning
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Audio and music computing multimedia
Compositional pattern producing networks: A novel abstraction of development
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
The Art of Artificial Evolution: A Handbook on Evolutionary Art and Music (Natural Computing Series)
The Art of Artificial Evolution: A Handbook on Evolutionary Art and Music (Natural Computing Series)
Picbreeder: evolving pictures collaboratively online
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploiting functional relationships in musical composition
Connection Science - Music, Brain, Cognition
Toward Greater Artistic Control for Interactive Evolution of Images and Animation
Proceedings of the 2007 EvoWorkshops 2007 on EvoCoMnet, EvoFIN, EvoIASP,EvoINTERACTION, EvoMUSART, EvoSTOC and EvoTransLog: Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Competitive coevolution through evolutionary complexification
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
A generative representation for the evolution of jazz solos
Evo'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Applications of evolutionary computing
Scaffolding for interactively evolving novel drum tracks for existing songs
Evo'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Applications of evolutionary computing
Picbreeder: A case study in collaborative evolutionary exploration of design space
Evolutionary Computation
Layered genetical algorithms evolving into musical accompaniment generation
EuroGP'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Sentient world: human-based procedural cartography
EvoMUSART'13 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design
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While the real-time focus of today's automated accompaniment generators can benefit instrumentalists and vocalists in their practice, improvisation, or performance, an opportunity remains specifically to assist novice composers. This paper introduces a novel such approach based on evolutionary computation called functional scaffolding for musical composition (FSMC), which helps the user explore potential accompaniments for existing musical pieces, or scaffolds. The key idea is to produce accompaniment as a function of the scaffold, thereby inheriting from its inherent style and texture. To implement this idea, accompaniments are represented by a special type of neural network called a compositional pattern producing network (CPPN), which produces harmonies by elaborating on and exploiting regularities in pitches and rhythms found in the scaffold. This paper focuses on how inexperienced composers can personalize accompaniments by first choosing any MIDI scaffold, then selecting which parts (e.g. the piano, guitar, or bass guitar) the CPPN can hear, and finally customizing and refining the computer-generated accompaniment through an interactive process of selection and mutation of CPPNs called interactive evolutionary computation (IEC). The potential of this approach is demonstrated by following the evolution of a specific accompaniment and studying whether listeners appreciate the results.