Centralized versus decentralized computing: organizational considerations and management options
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
The success of DP charge-back systems from a user's perception
Information and Management
Factors influencing the use of DP chargeback information
MIS Quarterly
Chargeout of information systems services
Journal of Systems Management
Charging for Computing Resources
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A critque of the stage hypothesis: theory and empirical evidence
Communications of the ACM
Effects of chargeout on user/manager attitutes
Communications of the ACM
Managing the computer resource: a stage hypothesis
Communications of the ACM
The allocation of computer resources—is pricing the answer?
Communications of the ACM
Senior Management Control of Computer-Based Information Systems
Senior Management Control of Computer-Based Information Systems
Prices and the allocation of computer time
AFIPS '68 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the December 9-11, 1968, fall joint computer conference, part I
Pricing Digital Goods: Discontinuous Costs and Shared Infrastructure
Information Systems Research
How to do successful chargeback for cloud services
GECON'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services
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Problems can arise in decentralized organizations when usage-based chargeback systems are implemented to control computing resources. A case study of a company that is changing from negotiated pricing to full cost pricing illustrates the fact that concerns about fairness can arise not only with respect to specific characteristics of the chargeback system (e.g., understandability, controllability), but also as a result of central management policies governing internal transactions between the users and MIS. In particular, this examination identifies three factors that affect the fairness perceptions of autonomous divisional managers: (1) a high degree of interdependence between user divisions and MIS such that the behavior of MIS could have a significant impact on divisional performance; (2) restrictions on divisional managers' freedom to purchase computer services from external sources; and (3) the tendency for full cost to exceed market prices early in the life of a data center. A dual pricing approach may be an interim solution to reduce conflict and improve user perceptions of fairness.