Simulation of object and human skin formations in a grasping task
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fitting Parameterized Three-Dimensional Models to Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: a factorization method
International Journal of Computer Vision
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An anthropometric face model using variational techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Nonrigid Motion Analysis Based on Dynamic Refinement of Finite Element Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
3-D Motion Estimation in Model-Based Facial Image Coding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape and Nonrigid Motion Estimation Through Physics-Based Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recursive Estimation of Motion, Structure, and Focal Length
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Modeling, Tracking and Interactive Animation of Faces and Heads Using Input from Video
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Real Time Tracking and Modeling of Faces: An EKF-Based Analysis by Synthesis Approach
MPEOPLE '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Modelling People
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Bayesian Mixture Model for Multi-View Face Alignment
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Face transfer with multilinear models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Robust Real-Time Face Pose and Facial Expression Recovery
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
3D Alignment of Face in a Single Image
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Accurate Face Alignment using Shape Constrained Markov Network
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 1
Fully Automatic Facial Action Unit Detection and Temporal Analysis
CVPRW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop
The Asymmetry of Image Registration and Its Application to Face Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Simultaneous Facial Action Tracking and Expression Recognition in the Presence of Head Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Generative Shape Regularization Model for Robust Face Alignment
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
Face Alignment Via Component-Based Discriminative Search
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part II
An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
ICIG '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Conference on Image and Graphics
Robust shape-based head tracking
ACIVS'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems
Real-time combined 2D+3D active appearance models
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Bayesian tangent shape model: Estimating shape and pose parameters via bayesian inference
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Fast and reliable active appearance model search for 3-D face tracking
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Pose-Robust Facial Expression Recognition Using View-Based 2D 3D AAM
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Automatic 3-D face model adaptation for model-based coding of videophone sequences
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
FAP extraction using three-dimensional motion estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Model-based global and local motion estimation for videoconference sequences
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
On Appearance Based Face and Facial Action Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Two-view facial movement estimation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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We propose a 3D wireframe face model alignment for the task of simultaneously tracking of rigid head motion and nonrigid facial expressions in video sequences. The system integrates two levels: (i) at the low level, automatic and accurate location of facial features are obtained via a cascaded optimization algorithm of a 2D shape model, (ii) at the high level, we recover, via minimizing an energy function, the optimal motion parameters of the 3D model, namely the 3D rigid motion parameters and seven nonrigid animation (Action Unit) parameters. In this latter inference, a 3D face shape model (Candide) is automatically fitted to the image sequence via a least squares minimization of the energy, defined as the residual between the projected 3D wireframe model and the 2D shape model, meanwhile imposing temporal and spatial motion-smoothness constraints over the 3D model points. Our proposed system tackles many disadvantages of the optimization and training associated with active appearance models. Extensive fitting and tracking experiments demonstrate the feasibility, accuracy and effectiveness of the developed methods. Qualitative and quantitative performance of the proposed system on several facial sequences, indicate its potential usefulness for multimedia applications, as well as facial expression analysis.