IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond
Learning with Kernels: Support Vector Machines, Regularization, Optimization, and Beyond
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Think globally, fit locally: unsupervised learning of low dimensional manifolds
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Recognizing Facial Expression: Machine Learning and Application to Spontaneous Behavior
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Dynamics of facial expression extracted automatically from video
Image and Vision Computing
Efficient locally linear embeddings of imperfect manifolds
MLDM'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Machine learning and data mining in pattern recognition
Supervised locally linear embedding
ICANN/ICONIP'03 Proceedings of the 2003 joint international conference on Artificial neural networks and neural information processing
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Dynamic soft encoded patterns for facial event analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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This paper is concerned with capturing the dynamics of facial expression. The dynamics of facial expression can be described as the intensity and timing of a facial expression and its formation. To achieve this we developed a technique that can accurately classify and differentiate between subtle and similar expressions, involving the lower face. This is achieved by using Local Linear Embedding (LLE) to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset and applying Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to classify expressions. We then extended this technique to estimate the dynamics of facial expression formation in terms of intensity and timing.