Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Outline for a Logical Theory of Adaptive Systems
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Artificial Life II
Framsticks: Towards a Simulation of a Nature-Like World, Creatures and Evolution
ECAL '99 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Advances in Artificial Life
A stress-based speciation model in lifedrop
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
Ant Colony Optimization
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Anticipation behavior implemented in a simulator of artificial life
MIC '08 Proceedings of the 27th IASTED International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control
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In the research field of Artificial Life, the concepts of emergence and adaptation form the basis of a class of models which describes reproducing individuals whose characteristics evolve over time. These models allow to investigate the laws of evolution, to observe emergent phenomena at individual and population level, and additionally yield new design techniques for computer animation and robotics industries. This paper presents an introductory non-exhaustive survey of the constitutive work of the last twenty years. When examining the history of development of these models, different periods can be distinguished. Each one incorporated new modeling concepts, however to this day all the models have failed to exhibit long-lasting, let alone open-ended evolution. A particular look at the richness of dynamics of the modeled environments reveals that only little attention has been paid to their design, which could account for the experienced evolutionary barrier.