Centralized versus decentralized computing: organizational considerations and management options
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Management information systems: conceptual foundations, structure, and development (2nd ed.)
Management information systems: conceptual foundations, structure, and development (2nd ed.)
The decision-making paradigm of organizational design
Management Science
1985 Opinion survey of MIS managers: Key issues
MIS Quarterly
User interface design from a real time perspective
Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM
Understanding object-oriented: a unifying paradigm
Communications of the ACM
Information systems planning: incentives for effective action
ACM SIGMIS Database
Connectionist ideas and algorithms
Communications of the ACM
Globalization and information management strategies
Journal of Management Information Systems
Information technology and global competition: a framework for analysis
Information and Management
Evaluation of vendor products: CASE tools as methodology companions
Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM
Enacting design for the workplace
Usability
Developing business and information strategy alignment: a study in the banking industry
ICIS '91 Proceedings of the twelfth international conference on Information systems
Media spaces: bringing people together in a video, audio, and computing environment
Communications of the ACM
Manufacturing flexibility: a strategic perspective
Management Science
Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Shaping the future: business design through information technology
Shaping the future: business design through information technology
SUPRCRT: flexible TSO full-screen system
ACM SIGMIS Database - Proceedings of a conference on Application Development Systems, Santa Clara, California, March 10-11, 1980
Communications of the ACM - Two decades of the language-action perspective
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Most information technology (IT) “fit” literature has taken a structural contingency approach to studying the alignment of IT to organizational characteristics. The research has focused on internal fit, and assumed placid and stable environments. External fit is likely to be more important than internal fit for firms operating in highly dynamic environments. The concept of flexibility is introduced as a form of alignment in turbulent environments. Our definition of flexibility (based on work in IT, manufacturing, strategic management, and living systems theory) identifies three types of flexibility: flexibility in functionality, in use, and in modification. Twenty dimensions of IT flexibility help illustrate some possible measures. We conclude by discussing what our dimensions reveal about flexibility in the client/server domain.