Adaptive histogram equalization and its variations
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition: The Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
What Is the Set of Images of an Object Under All Possible Illumination Conditions?
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automatic Classification of Single Facial Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Illumination for computer generated pictures
Communications of the ACM
The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-Rendering and Recognition with Varying Illuminations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Handbook of Image and Video Processing
Handbook of Image and Video Processing
Face Recognition Using Line Edge Map
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comparing Images under Variable Illumination
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Color Clustering Techniques for Color-Content-Based Image Retrieval from Image Databases
ICMCS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Object Recognition from Local Scale-Invariant Features
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Illumination Normalization for Robust Face Recognition Against Varying Lighting Conditions
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Skin Segmentation Using Color Pixel Classification: Analysis and Comparison
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Overview of the Face Recognition Grand Challenge
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A practical face relighting method for directional lighting normalization
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Face authentication with Gabor information on deformable graphs
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Keypoint Detection and Local Feature Matching for Textured 3D Face Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
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The performance of appearance based face recognition algorithms is adversely affected by illumination variations. Illumination normalization can greatly improve their performance. We present a novel algorithm for illumination normalization of color face images. Face Albedo is estimated from a single color face image and its co-registered 3D image (pointcloud). Unlike existing approaches, our algorithm takes into account both Lambertian and specular reflections as well as attached and cast shadows. Moreover, our algorithm is invariant to facial pose and expression and can effectively handle the case of multiple extended light sources. The approach is based on Phong’s lighting model. The parameters of the Phong’s model and the number, direction and intensities of the dominant light sources are automatically estimated. Specularities in the face image are used to estimate the directions of the dominant light sources. Next, the 3D face model is ray-casted to find the shadows of every light source. The intensities of the light sources and the parameters of the lighting model are estimated by fitting Phong’s model onto the skin data of the face. Experiments were performed on the challenging FRGC v2.0 data and satisfactory results were achieved (the mean fitting error was 6.3% of the maximum color value).