Unified quadratic programming approach for mixed mode placement
Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Physical design
An analytic placer for mixed-size placement and timing-driven placement
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Unification of partitioning, placement and floorplanning
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
ISPD 2006 Placement Contest: Benchmark Suite and Results
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Physical design
mPL6: enhanced multilevel mixed-size placement
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Physical design
Constraint graph-based macro placement for modern mixed-size circuit designs
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Handling complexities in modern large-scale mixed-size placement
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
MP-Trees: A Packing-Based Macro Placement Algorithm for Modern Mixed-Size Designs
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Progress and challenges in VLSI placement research
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
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A modern chip often contains large numbers of pre-designed macros (e.g., embedded memories, IP blocks) and standard cells, with very different sizes. The fast-growing design complexity with large-scale mixed-size macros and standard cells has caused significant challenges to modern circuit placement. Analytical algorithms have been shown to be most effective for standard-cell placement, but the problems with the rotation and legalization of large macros impose intrinsic limitations for analytical placement. Consequently, most recent works on mixed-size placement resort to combinatorial macro placement. Instead, this paper presents the first attempt to resolve the intrinsic problems with a unified analytical approach. Unlike traditional analytical placement that uses only wire and density forces to optimize the positions of circuit components, we present a new force, the rotation force, to handle macro orientation for analytical mixed-size placement. The rotation force tries to rotate each macro to its desired orientation based on the wire connections on this macro. A cross potential model is also proposed to increase the rotation freedom during placement. The final orientation of each macro with legalization consideration is then determined by mathematical programming at the end of global placement. Experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. Compared with state-of-the-art mixed-size placement approaches (such as FLOP [13], CG [5], and MP-tree [7]), our approach achieves the best average wirelength efficiently.