Embedded program timing analysis based on path clustering and architecture classification
ICCAD '97 Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Dynamic voltage scaling on a low-power microprocessor
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Energy priority scheduling for variable voltage processors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Energy aware task scheduling with task synchronization for embedded real time systems
CASES '02 Proceedings of the 2002 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Intra-Task Voltage Scheduling for Low-Energy, Hard Real-Time Applications
IEEE Design & Test
Deterministic Clock Gating for Microprocessor Power Reduction
HPCA '03 Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Voltage-Clock-Scaling Adaptive Scheduling Techniques for Low Power in Hard Real-Time Systems
RTAS '00 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Real Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2000)
Real-time scheduling on multithreaded processors
RTCSA '00 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Systems and Applications
Power-Sensitive Multithreaded Architecture
ICCD '00 Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers & Processors
Voltage-Clock-Scaling Adaptive Scheduling Techniques for Low Power in Hard Real-Time Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Fine-grained power management for multithreaded processor cores
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Power-Aware Scheduling for Periodic Real-Time Tasks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Three-phase time-aware energy minimization with DVFS and unrolling for Chip Multiprocessors
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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This paper proposes a new hardware-based energy management technique for future embedded multithreaded processors with integrated Earliest Deadline First (EDF) real-time scheduling. Our energy management technique controls frequency reduction and dynamic voltage scaling depending on the deadlines, the Worst Case Execution Times (WCET), and the real execution times. Hard real-time capability can be guaranteed for aperiodic threads and for threads with deadlines shorter than their period. Our evaluations show that energy consumption can be reduced up to about $\frac{2}{3}$ of a comparable software-based algorithm.