Transfer of Spatial Knowledge from Virtual to Real Environments
Spatial Cognition II, Integrating Abstract Theories, Empirical Studies, Formal Methods, and Practical Applications
Navigation and orientation in 3D user interfaces: the impact of navigation aids and landmarks
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Physically large displays improve performance on spatial tasks
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Virtual and augmented reality as spatial ability training tools
CHINZ '06 Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: design centered HCI
Comparing physical, automatic and manual map rotation for pedestrian navigation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
In-car gps navigation: engagement with and disengagement from the environment
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
"I did it my way": moving away from the tyranny of turn-by-turn pedestrian navigation
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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Mobile devices are increasingly providing novel ways for users to engage with the spaces around them. However, there are few systematic studies of enhancing spatial ability with mobile devices, and applications such as turn-by-turn navigation systems have even been associated with a decline in spatial skills. In this paper we present a study based on the 1971 Shepard-Metzler mental rotation test but performed on a mobile-phone handset and a tablet PC. Our study extends the original experiment with the incorporation of touch and tilt interaction techniques, in order to determine if these affect the use and acquisition of spatial skills. Results suggest that the task is performed faster, and with no significant difference in accuracy, when participants rely on mental abilities rather than interaction techniques to perform 3D rotations. We also find significant differences between tablet and phone handset platforms under interactive conditions. We conclude that applications on mobile devices could be designed to enhance rather than erode spatial skills, by supporting the use of imagination to align real and virtual content.