A CAD system for the design of field programmable gate arrays
DAC '91 Proceedings of the 28th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
A new global routing algorithm for FPGAs
ICCAD '94 Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
PathFinder: a negotiation-based performance-driven router for FPGAs
FPGA '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM third international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
A fast routability-driven router for FPGAs
FPGA '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Hierarchical hybrid power supply networks
Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference
Maximum power transfer tracking for a photovoltaic-supercapacitor energy system
Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Hybrid electrical energy storage systems
Proceedings of the 16th ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Charge migration efficiency optimization in hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design
Charge allocation for hybrid electrical energy storage systems
CODES+ISSS '11 Proceedings of the seventh IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Balanced reconfiguration of storage banks in a hybrid electrical energy storage system
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
DC–DC Converter-Aware Power Management for Low-Power Embedded Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE/ACM/IFIP International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis
Computer-aided design of electrical energy systems
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
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A hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) system that consists of multiple, heterogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) elements is a promising solution to achieve a cost-effective EES system because no storage element has ideal characteristics. The state-of-the-art HEES systems are based on a shared-bus charge transfer interconnect (CTI) architecture. Consequently, they are quite limited in scalability which is a function of the number of EES banks. This paper is the first introduction of a HEES system based on a networked CTI architecture, which is highly scalable and is capable of accommodating multiple, concurrent charge transfers. The paper starts by presenting a router architecture for the networked CTI and an effective on-line routing algorithm for multiple charge transfers. In the proposed algorithm, negotiated congestion (NC) routing for multiple charge transfers is performed and any lack of routing resources is addressed by merging two or more charge transfers while maximizing the overall energy efficiency by setting the optimal voltage level for the shared CTI. Examples of the proposed networked CTI are presented and the efficacy of the routing algorithm is demonstrated on a mesh-grid networked CTI.