C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Finding the WRITE Stuff: Automatic Identification of Discourse Structure in Student Essays
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Measuring praise and criticism: Inference of semantic orientation from association
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Predicting the semantic orientation of adjectives
ACL '98 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and Eighth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Automatic retrieval and clustering of similar words
COLING '98 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
Mining and summarizing customer reviews
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Thumbs up or thumbs down?: semantic orientation applied to unsupervised classification of reviews
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Learning extraction patterns for subjective expressions
EMNLP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing
EMNLP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing
A sentimental education: sentiment analysis using subjectivity summarization based on minimum cuts
ACL '04 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Extracting semantic orientations of words using spin model
ACL '05 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Paraphrasing with bilingual parallel corpora
ACL '05 Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
ACL-44 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Linguistics and the 44th annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Determining the sentiment of opinions
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Extracting product features and opinions from reviews
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Recognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level sentiment analysis
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Improved statistical machine translation using paraphrases
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
ParaEval: using paraphrases to evaluate summaries automatically
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
Paraphrasing for automatic evaluation
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
Get another label? improving data quality and data mining using multiple, noisy labelers
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Fully automatic lexicon expansion for domain-oriented sentiment analysis
EMNLP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Cheap and fast---but is it good?: evaluating non-expert annotations for natural language tasks
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Learning with compositional semantics as structural inference for subsentential sentiment analysis
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Integrating knowledge for subjectivity sense labeling
NAACL '09 Proceedings of Human Language Technologies: The 2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
SemEval-2007 task 14: affective text
SemEval '07 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations
Contextual bitext-derived paraphrases in automatic MT evaluation
StatMT '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
Fast, cheap, and creative: evaluating translation quality using Amazon's Mechanical Turk
EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 1 - Volume 1
Generating high-coverage semantic orientation lexicons from overtly marked words and a thesaurus
EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 2 - Volume 2
Similarity measures for short segments of text
ECIR'07 Proceedings of the 29th European conference on IR research
Emotions evoked by common words and phrases: using mechanical turk to create an emotion lexicon
CAAGET '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text
Creating speech and language data with Amazon's Mechanical Turk
CSLDAMT '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Creating Speech and Language Data with Amazon's Mechanical Turk
Opinion mining of Spanish customer comments with non-expert annotations on Mechanical Turk
CSLDAMT '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Creating Speech and Language Data with Amazon's Mechanical Turk
Amazon Mechanical Turk for subjectivity word sense disambiguation
CSLDAMT '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Creating Speech and Language Data with Amazon's Mechanical Turk
Generating phrasal and sentential paraphrases: A survey of data-driven methods
Computational Linguistics
Lexicon-based methods for sentiment analysis
Computational Linguistics
Measuring the use of factual information in test-taker essays
Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Building Educational Applications Using NLP
Sentiment profiles of multiword expressions in test-taker essays: The case of noun-noun compounds
ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP) - Special issue on multiword expressions: From theory to practice and use, part 2
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While there are a number of subjectivity lexicons available for research purposes, none can be used commercially. We describe the process of constructing subjectivity lexicon(s) for recognizing sentiment polarity in essays written by test-takers, to be used within a commercial essay-scoring system. We discuss ways of expanding a manually-built seed lexicon using dictionary-based, distributional in-domain and out-of-domain information, as well as using Amazon Mechanical Turk to help "clean up" the expansions. We show the feasibility of constructing a family of subjectivity lexicons from scratch using a combination of methods to attain competitive performance with state-of-art research-only lexicons. Furthermore, this is the first use, to our knowledge, of a paraphrase generation system for expanding a subjectivity lexicon.