Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Face and Eye Detection by CNN Algorithms
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems - Special issue on spatiotemporal signal processing with analog CNN visual microprocessors
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eye detection by using fuzzy template matching and feature-parameter-based judgement
Pattern Recognition Letters
Face Recognition: Features Versus Templates
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
A TASOM-based algorithm for active contour modeling
Pattern Recognition Letters
An Improved Method for Locating and Extracting the Eye in Human Face Images
ICPR '96 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR '96) Volume III-Volume 7276 - Volume 7276
Face Detection and Precise Eyes Location
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 4
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Binary Tree for Probability Learning in Eye Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Automatic Eye Detection and Its Validation
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
A robust method for detecting arbitrarily tilted human faces in color images
Pattern Recognition Letters
A robust method for eye features extraction on color image
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Local-Global Graph Approach for Facial Expression Recognition
ICTAI '06 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence
Stream processing for fast and efficient rotated Haar-like features using rotated integral images
International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
A novel method for eye features extraction
CIS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Computational and Information Science
A composite method to extract eye contour
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Emotion recognition from geometric facial features using self-organizing map
Pattern Recognition
Facial-feature detection and localization based on a hierarchical scheme
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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Eye detection plays an important role in applications related to face recognition. The position of eyes can be used as a reliable reference for other facial feature detection. This paper presents a novel approach for the precise and reliable detection of eyes by introducing a ternary eye-verifier. Initially, the face region is detected by combining color information and the Haar-like feature detector. The face region is then binarized and filtered with circular filters to detect eye candidates at the peaks in the filtered response. Each eye candidate is fed into a ternary eye-verifier that includes a proposed eye feature extractor based on K-means clustering with compensation for variety in iris color. The eye template in the eye-verifier is constructed based on both the knowledge of eye geometry and the detected eye features. The template matching is made by the ternary Hamming distance. Experiments over a collection of FERET face database and house-made face database with different head poses confirm that the proposed method achieves precise and reliable detection of eyes from color facial images with variation in illumination, pose, eye gazing direction, and race.