Write activity reduction on non-volatile main memories for embedded chip multiprocessors
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
BLog: block-level log-block management for NAND flash memorystorage systems
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems
FTL2: a hybrid flash translation layer with logging for write reduction in flash memory
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems
Compiler directed write-mode selection for high performance low power volatile PCM
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems
Software enabled wear-leveling for hybrid PCM main memory on embedded systems
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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Nonvolatile memories such as Flash memory, phase change memory (PCM), and magnetic random access memory (MRAM) have many desirable characteristics for embedded systems to employ them as main memory. However, there are two common challenges we need to answer before we can apply nonvolatile memory as main memory practically. First, nonvolatile memory has limited write/erase cycles compared to DRAM. Second, a write operation is slower than a read operation on nonvolatile memory. These two challenges can be answered by reducing the number of write activities on nonvolatile main memory. In this paper, we proposed two optimization techniques, write-aware scheduling and recomputation, to minimize write activities on nonvolatile memory. With the proposed techniques, we can both speed up the completion time of programs and extend nonvolatile memory's lifetime. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques can reduce the number of write activities on nonvolatile memory by 55.71% on average. Thus, the lifetime of nonvolatile memory is extended to 2.5 times as long as before on average. The completion time of programs can be reduced by 56.67% on systems with NOR Flash memory and by 47.63% on systems with NAND Flash memory on average.