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Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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Mobile HCI '02 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction
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CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TNT: a numeric keypad based text input method
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Proceedings of the seventh european conference on European interactive television conference
Barriers to adoption of dictionary-based text-entry methods: a field study
TextEntry '03 Proceedings of the 2003 EACL Workshop on Language Modeling for Text Entry Methods
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Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication
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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
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Proceedings of the 11th european conference on Interactive TV and video
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This paper describes a study with 18 participants on two text input methods for use with interactive television, The Numpad Typer (TNT) and TwiceTap. Both methods were designed for use with a common infra-red remote control. Each character is entered using two keystrokes. After one hour and forty minutes of practice, split into 5 sessions, the participants were able to type faster than 9 words per minute. While the performance of both methods was similar, the TwiceTap required a smaller number of keystrokes per character, was less prone to errors, and was found to be more comfortable by the participants. Over time, the use of frequent n-grams in TwiceTap was reinforced while the use of infrequent n-grams was suppressed.