Optimal price skimming by a monopolist facing rational consumers
Management Science
Computational and mathematical organization theory: perspective and directions
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory
Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy
Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy
Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control and Artificial Intelligence
Bilateral Trade and `Small-World' Networks
Computational Economics
Network Structure in Virtual Organizations
Organization Science
Opening the "Black Box" of Network Externalities in Network Adoption
Information Systems Research
Statistical mechanics of complex networks
Statistical mechanics of complex networks
The Structure and Dynamics of Networks: (Princeton Studies in Complexity)
The Structure and Dynamics of Networks: (Princeton Studies in Complexity)
Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means
Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means
Simulating Internet-based collaboration: A cost-benefit case study using a multi-agent model
Decision Support Systems
Adoption of Internet-Based Product Customization and Pricing Strategies
Journal of Management Information Systems
Information Technology and Management
An application of agent-based simulation to knowledge sharing
Decision Support Systems
Reconceptualizing and expanding the positive feedback network effects model: A case study
Journal of Engineering and Technology Management
Tipping and Concentration in Markets with Indirect Network Effects
Marketing Science
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In the IT industry, de facto standards emerge from standards competition as firms offer incompatible technologies, and user choices determine the outcome of the competition. The standards literature suggests that strong network effects create a bias toward a standard with a large installed base, leading to a winner-take-all outcome. More recently, several researchers have revealed that the dynamics of standardization are much more complex than the explanation offered by the economic theory of networks. Markets do not always exhibit tipping behavior so there is not always a single winner in de facto standardization; and the size of an overall installed base does not always exert a strong influence on adoption decisions. In contrast, network effects drawn from local social influence may be more salient to user adoption decisions. We ask: (1) Do we always observe a winner-take-all outcome in de facto standards competition? (2) What are the different technology adoption patterns observed in de facto standards competition? (3) What are the implications of network effects, switching costs, pricing, and functionality enhancement strategies on the outcome of de facto standards competition in different user network structures? Drawing on the economic theory of networks, the complex network theory, and previous work in the standards literature, we examine the influence of network effects, switching costs, price, and technology functionality on user adoption decisions using agent-based simulation. We incorporate underlying user network structures frequently observed in the real world as an important determining factor of user adoption decisions. Our results suggest that de facto standardization process does not always follow a three-phased S-shaped pattern. Winner-take-all is not a necessary outcome of standards competition. User network structures have a significant impact on the dynamics and outcomes of standards competition.