Why do people play on-line games? an extended TAM with social influences and flow experience
Information and Management
Using frustration in the design of adaptive videogames
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design
Andrew Rollings and Ernest Adams on Game Design
Consumer behavior in online game communities: A motivational factor perspective
Computers in Human Behavior
ERP training with a web-based electronic learning system: The flow theory perspective
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Computers in Human Behavior
Boredom, engagement and anxiety as indicators for adaptation to difficulty in games
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Entertainment and media in the ubiquitous era
Experiencing flow with instant messaging and its facilitating role on creative behaviors
Computers in Human Behavior
Customization, immersion satisfaction, and online gamer loyalty
Computers in Human Behavior
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Flow (FCF) theory has received considerable attention in recent decades. In addition to flow, FCF theory proposed three influential factors, that is, boredom, frustration, and apathy. While these factors have received relatively less attention than flow, Internet applications have grown exponentially, warranting a closer reexamination of the applicability of the FCF theory. Thus, this study tested the theory that high/low levels of skill and challenge lead to four channels of flow. The study sample included 253 online gamers who provided valid responses to an online survey. Analytical results support the FCF theory, although a few exceptions were noted. First, skill was insignificantly related to apathy, possibly because low-skill users can realize significant achievements to compensate for their apathy. Moreover, in contrast with the FCF theory, challenge was positively related to boredom, revealing that gamers become bored with difficult yet repetitive challenges. Two important findings suggest new directions for FCF theory.