Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Trainable System for Object Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision - special issue on learning and vision at the center for biological and computational learning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A Fast and Accurate Face Detector Based on Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital Image Processing
Statistical color models with application to skin detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Training Support Vector Machines: an Application to Face Detection
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Convolutional Face Finder: A Neural Architecture for Fast and Robust Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face detection using discriminating feature analysis and Support Vector Machine
Pattern Recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Adaptive appearance model and condensation algorithm for robust face tracking
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans - Special issue on recent advances in biometrics
A maximizing-discriminability-based self-organizing fuzzy network for classification problems
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Fuzzy Classifier Design
Real-time face detection and lip feature extraction using field-programmable gate arrays
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Human Body Posture Classification by a Neural Fuzzy Network and Home Care System Application
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Support-vector-based fuzzy neural network for pattern classification
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Evolving Fuzzy-Rule-Based Classifiers From Data Streams
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
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This paper proposes a new fuzzy classifier (FC)-based face localization approach. The FC used is a self-organizing TS-type fuzzy network with support vector learning (SOTFN-SV). The SOTFN-SV learns consequent parameters using a linear support vector machine to improve generalization ability. The FC is first applied to segment human skin pixels in scaled hue and saturation (hS) color space, after which connected skin-color regions are regarded as face candidates. The FC is then applied to detect and localize faces from the candidates. The proposed FC-based face localization approach uses shape and wavelet-localized focus color features. A best fitting ellipse of each face candidate is found to obtain shape features. Focus color features are extracted from four focus regions, including the two eyes, the mouth, and the face skin-color region. To find these focus color regions, the Haar-wavelet transformation is first applied to the face candidates in the YCb color space to localize all possible pairs of eye candidates. The mouth region is then localized according to its geometric relationship with the eyes. The hS color features of the located eyes, mouth, and face skin are extracted. These focus color features, together with shape features, serve as inputs to another FC for final face localization. Comparisons with various classifiers and face detection methods demonstrate the advantage of the FC-based skin color segmentation and face localization method.